This year 2023 commemorates the 133rd anniversary of one of the bloodiest episodes that simultaneously shaped the foundations of 20th-century Mexico, which remain until this day. A deadly conflict in which people perished in the pursuit of power at any cost through alliances, conspiracies and betrayals, while many others lost their lives defending freedom and civil rights.
The Mexican Revolution was a determining event in Mexico’s political and social history. It was a civil war fueled by decades of pent-up social, economic and political discontent under the ruling power of a dictator, Porfirio Díaz.
The revolution was a convergence of forces, among different sectors of Mexican society fuelled by authoritarian rule. Díaz regime was characterized by economic inequality, land dispossession, widespread poverty, and the concentration of power among the wealthy elite of that time, while rural peasants and urban workers were exploited and repressed in any attempt of rebellion.
It began in 1910 when, Francisco I. Madero a liberal politician who advocated for democratic elections and social fairness, became the focal point of the opposition to Díaz regime. His demands for an “effective suffrage, no reelection” sparked a popular uprising in every corner of Mexico against the authoritarian government.
A rebellion against Díaz morphed into a chaotic and protracted struggle involving multiple resistance factions with varying ideas and ambitions. The two best-known rebel groups were División del Norte (Northern Division) led by Doroteo Arango, also known as Pancho Villa and the Ejercito Libertador del Sur (Liberation Army of the South) formed by Emiliano Zapata, who led rebel groups fighting for land reform, worker rights, and agrarian justice, respectively.
There were battles all around the country, including a Villa’s army failed invasion of Columbus, New Mexico. For nearly a decade, the conflict wreaked havoc on Mexican society and took the lives of hundreds of thousands of people. Substantial and drastic shifts occurred in Mexicans as a result of the Revolution, despite its complexity and internal conflicts. One of the most important results of the war is the current Mexico Constitution written in 1917, which issues important acts such as land reform, worker’s rights, and restrictions on foreign ownership of natural resources.
The Mexican Revolution was an inflection point in Mexico’s history, which marked the beginning of a democratic transition. To this day, its influence may be seen in Mexico’s politics and national identity. It serves as a constant reminder of the lengths to which the country has come in its pursuit of greater equality and justice.